The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the Nigeria’s national agency in charge of the nation’s statistsics, has reported that its Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose to 127.7 in September 2025, reflecting a 0.9-point increase from the previous month.
What is Consumer Price Index?
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the percentage change in prices that consumers pay for goods and services.
According to the latest data, the Nigeria’s headline inflation rate for September 2025 eased to 18.02%, compared to 20.12% recorded in August 2025. This represents a 2.1 percentage point decline month-on-month.
The major contributors to headline inflation were Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages (7.21%), Restaurants and Accommodation Services (2.33%), and Transport (1.92%).
The least contributors were Recreation, Sport and Culture (0.06%), Alcoholic Beverages, Tobacco and Narcotics (0.07%), and Insurance and Financial Services (0.08%).
On a month-on-month basis, the headline inflation rate in September 2025 stood at 0.72%, representing a 0.02 percentage point decrease from 0.74% recorded in August 2025.
Urban and Rural Inflation
On a year-on-year basis, the urban inflation rate in September 2025 was 17.50%. Month-on-month, the urban inflation rate rose to 0.74%, an increase of 0.25 percentage points compared to 0.49% in August 2025.
The rural inflation rate stood at 18.26% year-on-year, while on a month-on-month basis it was 0.67%, representing a 0.71 percentage point decline from 1.38% recorded in August 2025.
State-Level Analysis
The NBS noted that CPI figures are weighted according to consumption expenditure patterns, which differ across states. As such, interstate comparisons of consumption baskets may not accurately reflect local realities.
All Items Inflation (Year-on-Year):
The highest inflation rates were recorded in Adamawa (23.69%), Katsina (23.53%), and Nasarawa (22.29%). The lowest were in Anambra (9.28%), Niger (11.79%), and Bauchi (12.36%).
All Items Inflation (Month-on-Month):
The highest increases were seen in Zamfara (9.36%), Adamawa (8.15%), and Nasarawa (7.49%), while Niger (–8.14%), Oyo (–5.56%), and Bayelsa (–4.61%) recorded declines.
Food Inflation by State
At the state level, food inflation (year-on-year) was highest in Ekiti (28.68%), Rivers (24.18%), and Nasarawa (22.74%), while the lowest were in Bauchi (2.81%), Niger (8.38%), and Anambra (8.41%).
On a month-on-month basis, the highest food inflation rates were in Zamfara (15.62%), Ekiti (12.77%), and Sokoto (12.55%), while Akwa Ibom (–12.97%), Borno (–12.95%), and Cross River (–10.36%) recorded declines.
